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Custom notifications: It allows you to send important information to your users via push to mobile or desktop alerts. we can fully customize the notifications to inform users of record information, changes, and updates. It will bring relevant information to your users at the right time

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Safe Navigation Operator: It is very useful for Salesforce Developers, and it will make their lives easy. By using this operator we can avoid null pointer exceptions.

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deleteImmediate(): This method initiates requests to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object records. The requests are executed synchronously and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources.

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@namespaceAccessible: This annotation makes public Apex in a package available to other packages that use the same namespace. Without this annotation, Apex classes, methods, interfaces, and properties defined in a 2GP package aren’t accessible to the other packages with which they share a namespace.

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An external data source is a connection to an external database. With the help of external data sources to access data that's stored outside your Salesforce org. External data sources have associated external objects, which your users and the Lightning platform use to interact with the external data and content.

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System data sources represent data structures created by default within Marketing Cloud. Listed data sources vary depending on the functionality that is enabled for your account.

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Files Connect can be used for integration with these repositories (Box, OneDrive, and Google Drive), which makes document management more flexible. It allows users to search and work with SharePoint files within the Salesforce UI while preserving all content permissions.

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string.join(): It is used to join the elements of the specified iterable object, such as a List, into a single string separated by the specified separator.

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Test method for the scheduler class
Example: public static testMethod void testSchedulerclass(){
Test.StartTest();
ScheduleTerritoryInactiveMemberCheck sh1 = new ScheduleTerritoryInactiveMemberCheck();
String sch = '0 0 23 * * ?';
system.schedule('Test Territory Check', sch, sh1);
Test.stopTest();
}

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Application Events: This event can be handled by any component which is listening to it. It is a kind of publish-subscribe modal. It is used to communicate any change in the component to a broader audience. Any component who has registered for this event will get notified.
System Event: This event is automatically by the framework such as during component initialization, attribute value change, rendering, etc. All Components can register for system events in their HTML markup.

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In the lockresult class, System.Approval.lock() methods return Approval.LockResult objects. Each element in a LockResult array corresponds to an element in the ID or sObject array passed as a parameter to a lock method. The first element in the LockResult array corresponds to the first element in the ID or sObject array, the second element corresponds to the second element, and so on. If only one ID or sObject is passed in, the LockResult array contains a single element.

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showHelpMessageIfInvalid(): this function will check if the element is valid. If not, it will show the help message and the red border to highlight the field is invalid.

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External Object is a kind of virtual object which does not exist in your Org. It is a custom object like other custom objects we can use in visualforce, apex, soql, sosl, and custom tabs.

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<apex:inputText/> : It always renders a normal text field. It can be bound to an SObject field or a regular variable of any data type that can be coerced into text, including numbers. It can be bound to an SObject field or a regular variable of any data type that can be coerced into text, including numbers.
<apex:inputField/>: It can't be used on non-SObject variables and automatically renders the correct control based on the field's definition. If the user cannot edit that field because of FLS, then the inputfield instead renders as a read-only outputField.

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We can revome all the special charaters from the string in apex by using .replaceAll().
example:
string testString = 'Welcome - %% to !!@@* Sales ##force^&';
testString = testString .replaceAll('[^a-zA-Z0-9\\s+]', '');

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We can use a virtual keyword to indicates that this class can be extended and overrides are allowed. If the methods need to be overridden, then the classes should be declared with the virtual keyword.

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Export: When we use the Export button for any object in Salesforce, all records (excluding records present in the recycle bin) present in the system for the particular object are exported to a .csv file.
Export All: When we can use this button, all records (including records present in the recycle bin) for that particular object are exported to a .csv file.

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We can unlock the records by enabling the apex code to set and remove the approval process lock.
Follow these step to unlock record:
1. Go to SetUp -> enter process automation settings in quick find box -> select the 'process automation settings ' -> Click on the checkbox to 'Enable record locking and unlocking in Apex'.

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Recall Action: It occurs when a submitted approval request is recalled by default the record is unlocked. record locking prevents users from editing a record by default, salesforce locks records that are pending approval. Only the admin can edit the locked record.

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Lightning Flow: It provides declarative process automation for every salesforce app, experience, and portal with point and clicks automation tools: process builder and flow builder.

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Sandbox Template: It gives you the ability to keep sensitive data from a full sandbox. it controls the size of a full sandbox. Smaller sandboxes are created and refreshed more quickly than large ones. Sandbox template maintains multiple, reusable templates for different use cases and development teams.

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Canvas: It is a set of tools and javascript APIs that you can use to expose an application as a canvas app. It enables you to easily integrate a 3rd party application in Salesforce.

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Database.stateful: We know that, batch apex is stateless by default. it means for each execution of execute method, you receive a fresh copy of your object. And all fields of the class are initialized, static and instance.

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API: It stands for Application Program Interface. It is a way for other applications to programmatically access data within Salesforce org in a secure manner. In Salesforce, API is used to retrieve data from other systems or services.

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Bucket Field: In Salesforce Reports, It is used to quickly categorize values for a field in a report without the need to have a custom formula field at the object level. Bucket field is available in tabular reports, summary reports, and matrix reports.