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1. Custom Objects

Rules for Naming
Custom object names should be unique, beginning with an uppercase letter. Whole words should be used and use of acronyms and abbreviations should be limited. The object name should be singular (e.g. Review vs. Reviews, or OrderItem vs. Order Items) and should not include any underscores "_". The object label when at all possible should be similar to that of the object name since giving the label a different name than the object will make the object hard to find in some place within Salesforce.

Exceptions
Widely used and commonly understood acronyms and abbreviations can be used instead of the long form. For example HTTP or URL or ACMA. Added an underscore is acceptable if you are prefixing the object name to denote it is part of an application. For example: OrderApplication_Order and OrderApplication_OrderItem. Notice that OrderItem does not have any underscores.

2. Custom Fields

Rules for Naming
Custom object names should be unique, beginning with an uppercase letter. Whole words should be used and use of acronyms and abbreviations should be limited. Similar to custom object naming, custom fields should not contain any underscores "_". When creating custom fields always complete the “Description” field unless the field name would be completely obvious to someone not familiar to the application as to what is the purpose of the field.

Exceptions
Widely used and commonly understood acronyms and abbreviations can be used instead of the long form. For example HTTP or URL or ACMA.

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Standard objects are objects that are included with Salesforce. Common business objects like Account, Contact, Lead, and Opportunity are all standard objects.

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Custom objects are objects that you create to store information that’s specific to your company or industry.

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Forecast- Literal Meaning - Predict a future event or trend

In Salesforce, its goes with the same meaning. It is used by sales managers to see how are their sales reps doing with respect to opportunity and how well are they close to the target.

There are 2 types of Forecast in salesforce

1.  Customizable forecasting is used for customizing the forecast for the needs of your business. This kind of forecasting is used for custom fiscal year, opportunity lead adjustments, territory management, snapshots and forecast history.

2.  Collaborative forecasting provides your business with more flexibility and more intuitive user interface. The unique features of this kind of forecasting include ability to rename the forecast categories, expandable forecast tables and forecasting on the opportunity splits.

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To get the minimum required 75% test coverage, all you have to do is make Salesforce run the code that you want to test.

Do not put (seeAllData = true) in test class otherwise, use it for exceptional cases.

Use @isTest at the Top for all the test classes.

Test in bulk: Test to see if your code can run on 200 records at once. This is the maximum number of records that can be evaluated in a single trigger by Salesforce.Don’t worry about this one too much for now, since we’ll be talking more about it in our Governor Limits chapter! It’s possible that your code runs fine if a single Contact goes through your trigger – but it might break if 200 Contacts are evaluated in your trigger!

Avoid Using Hard Coding Ids anywhere in test Class or any apex class.

Use System.assertEquals() to see if your code has the expected outcomes: for example, if your code changes a Contact’s education to ‘Graduate’, make sure it actually did by doing System.assertEquals(‘Graduate’, myContact.education__c);

Use Test.startTest() and Test.stopTest() statement to increase Governor Limits of your test code.

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Allows you to define different sets of picklist values for both standard and custom picklists
Record Types help you implement your custom business processes.

To segment picklist values specific to business needs
Examples: segment by division, product line, or region
Easier administration – fewer fields to maintain.

 

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The 'External ID' field may be used to reference an ID from another, external system.

External IDs are searchable in Salesforce and you can also use the Upsert API call with the External ID to refer to records when making changes via Data Loader.

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A web-to-lead form is an essential component of marketing and sales automation. Its purpose is to capture data submitted by website visitors, such as contact information and product interest, and store it as a “Lead” record in a CRM product, in this case Salesforce.com.

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An assignment rule in Salesforce is used to define to whom case or lead is assigned based on the specified criteria. Most of the organizations have one particular rule for the overall purpose. For example, there could on lead assignment rule for web-generated leads and one case assignment rule for the holiday use.

These are two popular ways how can you define the assignment rules in Salesforce.

Lead Assignment Rules

Case Assignment Rules

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REST API  IS USED WHEN:

1.) When my Data is in the form of XML or JSON    files.

2.) Browser-based  or Mobile app  Integration.Since JSON is Light weight (provides inbuilt support with Javascript & Browser) so uses less bandwidth.

3.) Less Preferred where Security     is the biggest Concern. eg- Banking Apps. Because REST API only provides Http SSL Encryption .

4.) When Custom Error handling is to done.Since there’s no built in Error handling Feature in REST.

5) REST services are Cacheable.

This feature is very useful, Say if you want to share with your friend a Mobile details that you are planning to purchase, what you need to do is just share the link which is a REST call.

SOAP API IS USED WHEN:

1.) When my Data is of the form  XML.

2.) Used in Real-time client applications that update small numbers of records at a time.Avoid it in case of low Bandwidths as XML (Heavy-weight).

3.) Preferred where Security     is the biggest Concern. Example – Banking Apps & industry standard softwares like TIBCO, IBM . Because SOAP API  provides both Http SSL Encryption & WS Security Encryption.

4.) When built in Error handling is required.If there is a problem with SOAP request sent.SOAP response will contain error information of it.

5.) SOAP services are not cacheable as there is a need to explicitly form a SOAP request so that server can understand.

Say if you like to purchase any mobile and want to share details of that mobile with your friend in this case you need to explicitly tell your friend to go to xyz url and then press this button etc. which is painful.

 

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Salesforce APIs: Below are the different types of Salesforce APIs available.

REST API: This is useful to access objects in your Salesforce organization using REST.

SOAP API: This API is useful to integrate your Salesforce organization data with other application using SOAP.

Bulk API: This API is useful to work with large number of records (Load or delete large number of records).

METADATA API: This API is useful to manage build tools and manage customizations.

Streaming API: This API provides a stream of data reflecting data changes in your Salesforce organization.

Tooling API: This API is useful to build custom development tools for force.com applications.

Chatter REST API: This API is useful access chatter feeds and social data using REST.

Wave Analytics REST API: We can access Wave analytics data sets programmatically by using this API.

Apex REST API: This API is useful build your own REST API in APEX. This API exposes Apex Classes as RESTful web services.

Apex SOAP API: This API is useful to create custom SOAP web service. This API exposes Apex Classes as SOAP web service.

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Case management systems allow for a more efficient and a more complete customer service strategy. Any interaction with a customer is considered a “case,” and these kinds of systems allow businesses to track all of these cases and collect them together in one place.

This means that, whether the interaction came from Twitter, Facebook, email, or somewhere else, customer service agents can view and answer them all from the same database, easily categorizing and managing them through a series of convenient tools. This provides the following four benefits to the business.

1. Better understanding of your customers.

2. Quicker resolution of customer service issues.

3. Find relevant information quickly.

4. Greater productivity and efficiency.

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To compare the old value and new value in trigger we can use trigger new map and trigger old map.

Basically, to compare old field value of record with the new value in trigger we need to access trigger.oldmap and trigger.newmap. Salesforce provides trigger.oldmap where in all the old records are stored in map with keyset as their id's. We can compare the old values with new values as in the below example. Lets understand how we can implement such a data validation by getting old value in triggers.

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It is always a best practice to write a single trigger on object and process all operation in apex class (we called it as handler) instead of
writing logic in trigger. In handler you can specify the order of event based on different context variables. If you write many triggers in on object,
then you cannot control the order in which triggers gets executed.

For best practice, use below suggestion:

1. Pass all trigger context variables to static method (say "OperationManager")in handler class.
2. Create different static methods for different operations which you need to perform.
3. Control the order of different operation in "OperationManager" static method based on context variables.
4. Also you can create different apex classes and call them from "OperationManager" static method.

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Trigger.Old is null in a Before Trigger. You can't access the oldMap records, but you can access the oldMap records in Update trigger.

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However, think about it. Since triggers doesn’t have separate methods, if we put multiple logic into one single trigger, it can be really messy. Now we have only two triggers combined together, it can already become messy and less readable.

That’s the main reason we want to introduce TriggerHandler class. In Salesforce, the good practice is to keep Trigger free with actual business logic and put the logic code into TriggerHandler class.

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Use Marketing Cloud Content Builder to create dynamic content to deliver a targeted message to an audience. Dynamic content lets you define attributes to content, making the information your subscribers receive more relevant.

If you include dynamic content in your email that is based on data in a data extension, ensure that you send the email to the same data extension that you based the rules on or to a data extension that contains fields with the exact same names as the data extension fields use in the dynamic content rules.

Always upload the content you want to use before you create dynamic content. If you choose to make local copies of content blocks, update the dynamic content block in emails and saved dynamic content when you edit content already used in dynamic content.

Dynamic content is content that displays in a content area according to the rules that you define based on the subscriber's attributes or data extension column values. By using dynamic content, you can ensure that a more-tailored message is reaching your targeted audience.

For example, as a clothing advertiser, you can display women's clothing information in the content area for all the females on your subscriber list and men's clothing for all the males on your subscriber list; however, dynamic content can be much more specific.

Dynamic content can be used in any type of email other than text-based email messages. The dynamic content area uses the formatting (for example, background color and border design) defined for whichever selected content being used.

In addition, default content is the content you specify in the Default Content field. This content displays when a subscriber does not meet a rule you created.

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The Test.isRunningTest()  method is used to identify, if the piece of code being executed is invoked from a Test class execution or from other artefacts such as a Trigger, Bacth Job etc. Returns true if the code being executed is invoked from a test class otherwise returns a false.

This method usually comes in handy, when you intend to conditionally restrict execution of certain Apex code blocks, based on whether they are being invoked from a test class or not. A practical example would be that performing web service callouts in Apex are not supported within Test Code. Hence you could use the Test.isRunningTest() to conditionally identify and route the execution of a code block that calls the Test Mock framework to simulate a mock, callout reponse.

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As per my knowledge 3 type of assert method is generally used in System Class in Salesforce.

These are as follows:

assert(condition, msg)
Asserts that the specified condition is true. If it is not, a fatal error is returned that causes code execution to halt.
assertEquals(expected, actual, msg)
Asserts that the first two arguments are the same. If they are not, a fatal error is returned that causes code execution to halt.
assertNotEquals(expected, actual, msg)
Asserts that the first two arguments are different. If they are the same, a fatal error is returned that causes code execution to halt.

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The startTest method marks the point in your test code when your test actually begins. Each test method is allowed to call this method only once. All of the code before this method should be used to initialize variables, populate data structures, and so on, allowing you to set up everything you need to run your test. Any code that executes after the call tostartTest and before stopTest is assigned a new set of governor limits.
So, every time you use the test.start and test.stop in your test method, new set of governor limits are assigned to the code executing between them. If you don't use them in your testmethods there may be chances of your test methods over shooting the set governor limits.

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LeadConvert Class Contains information used for lead conversion.The convertLead Database method converts a lead into an account and contact, as well as (optionally) an opportunity. The convertLead takes an instance of the Database.LeadConvert class as a parameter. Create an instance of this class and set the information required for conversion, such as setting the lead, and destination account and contact.

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Methods defined with the @testSetup annotation are used for creating common test records that are available for all test methods in the class.
Test setup methods are defined in a test class, take no arguments, and return no value. If a test class contains a test setup method, the testing framework executes the test setup method first, before any test method in the class. Records that are created in a test setup method are available to all test methods in the test class and are rolled back at the end of test class execution. If a test method changes those records, such as record field updates or record deletions, those changes are rolled back after each test method finishes execution. The next executing test method gets access to the original unmodified state of those records.

• This reply was modified 4 years, 9 months ago by  Forcetalks.

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This popular CRM platform comes with some upfront costs. Salesforce can cost from $25 per user per month, to over $300 — their monthly fee will vary depending on the needs and scale of each business. The smartest move you can make is to get a direct price quote for how much Salesforce (or rival suites) will cost for your business. You can do this by filling out our simple CRM software quotes form – it only takes a minute to put in a couple of details about your requirements.

In the guide below, we take a look at Salesforce's costs to help you figure out if this is the right CRM system for your company.

In This Guide:

Salesforce Pricing Plans — Salesforce offers multiple services, with four plan tiers for each.
Salesforce Cost Per User — The CRM's scalable pricing works on a per-user basis.
Salesforce Sales Cloud Costs— This platform helps sales teams manage a daily workflow.
Salesforce Service Cloud Costs— This platform offers a range of customer service tools.
Salesforce Marketing Cloud Costs— This marketing platform layers on top of other Salesforce clouds.
Salesforce Commerce Cloud Costs— This platform's tools help create better online stores.
Does Salesforce Have a Free Plan?— The short answer is no. Here's why.
Top 5 CRM Price Comparison— See how Salesforce costs compare to other leading CRM providers.
Salesforce Pricing FAQs — Get answers to some of the most common questions about Salesforce pricing
Getting Started With Salesforce — Learn how to get the best price for your operation.
See How Much You'll Really Spend on Salesforce or Other CRM Providers.
Get CRM Quotes

Salesforce divides its various services into what it calls “clouds.”

Sales Cloud, from $25, is the company's basic CRM system; it includes all the basics you need for client management, including client records, lead tracking, deals, notes, and more.
Marketing Cloud, price available on request, allows you to create one-to-one marketing campaigns.
Service Cloud, again from $25, allows for online customer service on any device, and the ability to integrate customer service data with client records in other Salesforce clouds.
Commerce Cloud, price available on request, helps companies build online shopping experiences.
Sales, Marketing, Service, and Commerce are the primary clouds Salesforce offers. Beyond that, the company has a variety of other services, including a development platform for building Salesforce-powered apps, online forums connected to CRM data, and more.

For those just starting out, however, Sales Cloud is the place to start.

For pricing, Salesforce offers a variety of pricing levels. Essentials is for teams of five or less, and applies only to the Sales and Service clouds. As you go up in pricing tiers, Salesforce becomes more customizable and adds higher levels of support.

There's also Lightning Professional, Lightning Enterprise, and Lightning Unlimited. The Lightning suite of services all use a different user interface than the classic versions of these plan tiers, but offer the basically same features (albeit with a few new productivity tools).

You can read more about the Lightning services here. Ultimately, while the “Lightning” name can be a little confusing, the services it offers are just a mildly revamped version of the services we discuss here, and come with the same benefits and price tags.

Salesforce Typical Pricing (per user, per month):

Sales Cloud
Service Cloud
Sales & Service Cloud
Salesforce Essentials
$25
$25
—
Standout features
-Account, Contact, Lead, and Opportunity Management
-Email Integration (Gmail, Outlook)
-Mobile App
-Cross-company collaboration
-Customizable Reports
-Mobile App
No combo deal available in the
Salesforce Essentials tier
Lightning Professional
$75
$75
$100
Standout features
-Lead Registration
-Rules-Based Lead Scoring
-Sales Forecasting
-Developer Sandbox
-Orders Management
-Asset Management
-Developer Sandbox
-Asset Management
-Team Collaboration Tools
Lightning Enterprise
$150
$150
$175
Standout features
-Workflow Automation
-Approval Automation
-Field Service Tools
-Process Automation
-AI Tools
-Unlimited Roles and Permissions
-Workflow and Approval Automation
-Offline Access
Lightning Unlimited
$300
$300
$325
Standout features
-24/7 Support and Configuration Services
-Unlimited Online Training
-24/7 Support
-Unlimited Online Training
-24/7 Support
We left Marketing and Commerce clouds off the table, since their prices are only available on demand. Marketing Cloud comes in four tiers — Email, Mobile, and Web Marketing; Social Media Marketing; Advertising; and B2B Marketing Automation — each of which is available at a set per-month price. In contrast, Commerce Cloud comes in just two versions — Salesforce B2C Commerce and Salesforce B2B Commerce.

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There is no way to get Exeption in below code

String shref = ApexPages.currentPage().getURL();

That is why exception part is covering. If you will pass null value in shref then also excpetion will not come till you will not use shref variable.

If you want to cover catch in any cost try to update your code like below

public with sharing class HouseholdMemberController {

public HouseholdMemberController() {

System.debug('>>> HouseholdMemberController BEFORE shref');
try {
String shref = ApexPages.currentPage().getURL();
System.debug('>>> HouseholdMemberController shref='+shref);
if(Test.isRunningTest())
{
throw new Exception();
}

} catch (Exception e) {
System.debug('>>> ERROR ='+e);
}
}
}

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Sometime we need to show error message on Visualforce page. We can implement this requirement by creating new instance of ApexPages.message and then adding message to Apexpages using ApexPages.addmessage. Then displaying these messages in visualforce page. We can add 5 different types of message in Visualforce Page.